“CTE is linked to repetitive brain trauma and has a distinct pathology that can only be diagnosed at autopsy,” says Dr. Ross Zafonte, a principal investigator of the Football Players Health Study at Harvard University and executive vice dean at the University of Missouri.

Meiko Locksley, one of 152 athletes diagnosed with CTE before even reaching the age of 30 as part of the Boston University CTE Center’s 2023 study, never made it past college football and began exhibiting signs of the disease in his 20s.