Treatment of industrial high-salinity wastewater (1%~3.5% NaCl) typically involves integrated physicochemical and biological technologies, necessitating real-time monitoring of biochemical oxygen ...

In wastewater treatment, monitoring organic loads, particularly Total Organic Carbon (TOC), has become critical to maintaining efficient and effective operations. This is especially true in industries ...

These pollutants come from various sources, including industrial processes such as petrochemical production, pharmaceuticals, and metal manufacturing, as well as domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, ...

As we flush our toilets and drain our sinks, few of us consider where our wastewater goes next. Yet, the wastewater treatment industry, a cornerstone of modern sanitation, is facing challenges that ...