Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth often arise during the late stage of pregnancy. However, researchers have primarily relied on placental cells from early pregnancy to ...

The fetal membranes consist of the chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois. The chorion has three layers: cytotrophoblastic, chorionic connective tissue, and basement membrane. The chorion lies ...

In any placental mammal a finely tuned immune system protects its body against invasion. Detection of foreign proteins triggers rejection. Yet half the genes of a fetus in the mother’s womb stem from ...