Why do leopards have spots and zebras have stripes? Many biologists have tried to answer these questions and have provided interesting hypotheses, including camouflage, thermoregulation, and insect ...

The rapid increase in electric vehicle adoption in recent years has highlighted a crucial issue: the energy conversion efficiency of electric motors. In electric motors, iron loss or magnetic ...

A new theory enables the simulation of complex pattern formation in biological systems across different spatial and temporal scales. For many processes important for life such as cell division, cell ...