Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

The automatic expansion valve (AXV) is similar in construction and appearance to the commonly used thermostatic expansion valve (TXV). However, the metering devices operate much differently. The AXV ...

Flow is controlled by either throttling or diverting it. Throttling involves reducing orifice size until all of the flow cannot pass through the orifice; bypassing involves routing part of the flow ...

Choked flow in control valves is a subject of serious concern for industrial users. The term is usually associated with destructive process conditions that can damage valve internals or expose ...

HVAC systems that regulate temperature and air quality to keep enclosed areas warm in wintertime typically depend on natural gas combustion to sustain boilers, pumps, radiators, meters, and other ...