The next time you encounter a climate projection — in a news article, in a risk assessment, in an economic outlook — take a moment to acknowledge the under-appreciated integrated assessment model.

Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) connect trends in future socio-economic and technological development with impacts on the environment, such as global climate change. Critics have taken issue with ...

Over the past four years, the Biden Administration relied extensively on integrated assessment models (IAMs) to quantify the economic effects of carbon-dioxide emissions via a construct known as the ...