Background The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) includes two oxygen saturation scales; the second adjusts target saturations to 88%–92% for those with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Using this ...

Cyclo-oxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), is the rate limiting enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids and exists in two isoforms. COX-1 is ...

Rationale The role bacteria play in the progression of COPD has increasingly been highlighted in recent years. However, the microbial community complexity in the lower airways of patients with COPD is ...

Respiratory disease and symptoms are common problems in older people. Respiratory disease affects both the quality of life in elderly individuals and morbidity, 1 although estimates of the prevalence ...

Background Ramadan, observed by nearly two billion Muslims worldwide, involves fasting from dawn to sunset, presenting challenges for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases due to potential ...

Objectives To examine the accuracy and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) software assistance in lung cancer screening using CT. Methods A systematic review of CE-marked, AI-based software for ...

Objectives Case finding is proposed as an important component of the forthcoming English National Clinical Strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of accepted widespread ...

Background: Acute lung injury is an important cause of respiratory failure in the critically ill patient. It is caused by damage to the alveolar barrier with subsequent alveolar flooding leading to ...

Background Over half the world is exposed daily to the smoke from combustion of solid fuels. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main contributors to the global burden of ...

Hypoxaemia. Patients should be monitored by continuous pulse oximetry during bronchoscopy. (Grade C) Oxygen supplementation should be used when desaturation is significant (pulse oximeter oxygen ...

Background Preschool-aged children have among the highest burden of acute wheeze. We investigated differences in healthcare use, treatment and outcomes for recurrent wheeze/asthma in preschoolers from ...

Airway inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of both airway remodelling and parenchymal destruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8+ T ...